Dada was an artistic movement that began in Europe around the time of the first world war. A number of mainly french and german artists relocated to Zurich due to the refuge it was offering at the time. Although these artists had escaped the horrors of the war they were irritated that the war had been allowed to happen in a modern European society, so they began to protest through their art.
They began a tight group and used any public way they could to promote their work, and metaphorically spat on all nationalism, rationalism and materialism as well as anything else that they believe contributed to the First World War. They decided to have no part in the traditions, particularly artistic traditions, of the time. They were non artists, who created non art, since art and everything else in the world had no meaning. They desired to shock the public and they used mild obscenities and scatological humor and everyday objects which they renamed art. Marcel Duchamp is known as one of the artists which created some of the most notable outrages, for example, painting a mustache onto a copy of the mona lisa. The public were repulsed by this which just encouraged the dadaists more. However the art movement became popular and spread to other parts of Europe as well as New York, and in the early 1920s dadaism ceased to exist, when it it was in danger of becoming acceptable.
The key elements in Dada was chance and nonsensical. Dada expressed a new awareness of the role of the unconscious in everyday life and constituted of refusal to develop an understandable theory of art.
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